L and J

[Jakob Vermeulen]

For J = 0, both the orbital angular momentum (L) and the spin angular momentum (S) are aligned head-to-tail but in opposite directions. This arrangement nullifies their effects, yielding a total angular momentum (J) of zero.

In the case of J = 1, L and S are perpendicular, resulting in partial cancellation of their angular momenta. However, there remains a total angular momentum (J) directed between L and S.

Finally, for J = 2, both L and S align precisely in the same direction, resulting in their contributions adding up to the maximum possible total angular momentum.

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